Charta der Grundrechte der Europäischen Union

Artikel 15 1. Buiten de gevallen bij of krachtens de wet bepaald mag niemand zijn vrijheid worden ontnomen.2. Hij aan wie anders dan op rechterlijk bevel zijn vrijheid is ontnomen, kan aan de rechter zijn invrijheidstelling verzoeken. Hij wordt in dat geval door de rechter gehoord binnen een bij de wet te bepalen termijn. De rechter gelast de onmiddellijke invrijheidstelling, indien hij de vrijheidsontneming onrechtmatig oordeelt. 3. De berechting van hem aan wie met het oog daarop zijn vrijheid is ontnomen, vindt binnen een redelijke termijn plaats. 4. Hij aan wie rechtmatig zijn vrijheid is ontnomen, kan worden beperkt in de uitoefening van grondrechten voor zover deze zich niet met de vrijheidsontneming verdraagt.

Article 8 (1) Personal liberty is guaranteed. (2) No one may be prosecuted or deprived of her liberty except on the grounds and in the manner specified by law. No one may be deprived of her liberty merely on the grounds of inability to fulfill a contractual obligation. (3) A person accused of or suspected of having committed a criminal act may be detained only in cases specified by law. A person who is detained shall be immediately informed of the grounds for the detention, questioned, and within forty-eight hours at the latest, either released or turned over to a court. A judge must question the detained person and decide, within twenty-four hours of receiving her, whether the person shall be placed in custody or released. (4) A person accused of a criminal act may be arrested only on the basis of a warrant issued by a judge in writing and stating the grounds for the arrest. The arrested person shall be turned over to a court within twenty-four hours. A judge shall question the arrested person and decide, within twenty-four hours, whether the person shall be placed or released. (5) Nobody may be placed in custody, except on the grounds and for the period of time laid down in a law, and only on the basis of a judicial decision. (6) The law shall specify the cases in which a person may be committed to or kept in a medical institution without her consent. A court must be notified within twenty-four hours that such a measure has been taken, and it shall decide on such placement within seven days.

Článek 8 (1) Osobní svoboda je zaručena. (2) Nikdo nesmí být stíhán nebo zbaven svobody jinak než z důvodů a způsobem, který stanoví zákon. Nikdo nesmí být zbaven svobody pouze pro neschopnost dostát smluvnímu závazku. (3) Obviněného nebo podezřelého z trestného činu je možno zadržet jen v případech stanovených v zákoně. Zadržená osoba musí být ihned seznámena s důvody zadržení, vyslechnuta a nejpozději do 48 hodin propuštěna na svobodu nebo odevzdána soudu. Soudce musí zadrženou osobu do 24 hodin od převzetí vyslechnout a rozhodnout o vazbě, nebo ji propustit na svobodu. (4) Zatknout obviněného je možno jen na písemný odůvodněný příkaz soudce. Zatčená osoba musí být do 24 hodin odevzdána soudu. Soudce musí zatčenou osobu do 24 hodin od převzetí vyslechnout a rozhodnout o vazbě nebo ji propustit na svobodu. (5) Nikdo nesmí být vzat do vazby, leč z důvodů a na dobu stanovenou zákonem a na základě rozhodnutí soudu. (6) Zákon stanoví, ve kterých případech může být osoba převzata nebo držena v ústavní zdravotnické péči bez svého souhlasu. Takové opatření musí být do 24 hodin oznámeno soudu, který o tomto umístění rozhodne do 7 dnů.

See ECHR provisions of Article 5 which have been incorporated into UK law by the Human Rights Act 1998. Right to liberty and security
1Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person. No one shall be deprived of his liberty save in the following cases and in accordance with a procedure prescribed by law:
(a)the lawful detention of a person after conviction by a competent court;

(b)the lawful arrest or detention of a person for non-compliance with the lawful order of a court or in order to secure the fulfilment of any obligation prescribed by law;

(c)the lawful arrest or detention of a person effected for the purpose of bringing him before the competent legal authority on reasonable suspicion of having committed an offence or when it is reasonably considered necessary to prevent his committing an offence or fleeing after having done so;

(d)the detention of a minor by lawful order for the purpose of educational supervision or his lawful detention for the purpose of bringing him before the competent legal authority;

(e)the lawful detention of persons for the prevention of the spreading of infectious diseases, of persons of unsound mind, alcoholics or drug addicts or vagrants;

(f)the lawful arrest or detention of a person to prevent his effecting an unauthorised entry into the country or of a person against whom action is being taken with a view to deportation or extradition.

Chapter 2 - Fundamental rights and freedoms: Article 7 No Swedish citizen may be deported from or refused entry into the Realm. No Swedish citizen who is domiciled in the Realm or who has previously been domiciled in the Realm may be deprived of his or her citizenship. It may however be prescribed that children under the age of eighteen
shall have the same nationality as their parents or as one parent.; Article 8 Everyone shall be protected in their relations with the public institutions against deprivations of personal liberty. All Swedish citizens shall also in other respects be guaranteed freedom of movement within the Realm and freedom to depart the Realm; Article 9 If a public authority other than a court of law has deprived an individual of his or her liberty on account of a criminal act or because he or she is suspected of having committed such an act, the individual shall be entitled to have the deprivation of liberty examined before a court of law without undue delay. This shall not, however, apply where the matter concerns the transfer to Sweden of responsibility for executing a penal sanction involving deprivation of liberty according to a sentence in another state. (...)

2 kapitlet - Grundläggande fri- och rättigheter: 7 § Ingen svensk medborgare får landsförvisas eller hindras att resa in i riket. Ingen svensk medborgare som är eller har varit bosatt i riket får fråntas sitt medborgarskap. Det får dock föreskrivas att barn under arton år i fråga om sitt medborgarskap ska följa föräldrarna eller en av dem; 8 § Var och en är gentemot det allmänna skyddad mot frihetsberövanden. Den som är svensk medborgare är även i övrigt tillförsäkrad frihet att förflytta sig inom riket och att lämna det; 9 § Om en annan myndighet än en domstol har berövat någon friheten med anledning av brott eller misstanke om brott, ska han eller hon kunna få frihetsberövandet prövat av domstol utan oskäligt dröjsmål. Detta gäller dock inte när det är fråga om att till Sverige flytta över verkställighet av en frihetsberövande påföljd enligt en dom i en annan stat. (...)

Artículo 171. Toda persona tiene derecho a la libertad y a la seguridad. Nadie puede ser privado de su libertad, sino con la observancia de lo establecido en este artículo y en los casos y en la forma previstos en la ley. 2. La detención preventiva no podrá durar más del tiempo estrictamente necesario para la realización de las averiguaciones tendentes al esclarecimiento de los hechos, y, en todo caso, en el plazo máximo de setenta y dos horas, el detenido deberá ser puesto en libertad o a disposición de la autoridad judicial. 3. Toda persona detenida debe ser informada de forma inmediata, y de modo que le sea comprensible, de sus derechos y de las razones de su detención, no pudiendo ser obligada a declarar. Se garantiza la asistencia de abogado al detenido en las diligencias policiales y judiciales, en los términos que la ley establezca. 4. La ley regulará un procedimiento de "habeas corpus" para producir la inmediata puesta a disposición judicial de toda persona detenida ilegalmente.Asimismo, por ley se determinará el plazo máximo de duración de la prisión provisional.

Article 171. Every person has the right to freedom and security. No one may be deprived of his or her freedom except in accordance with the provisions of this section and in the cases and in the manner provided for by the law.2. Preventive arrest may last no longer than the time strictly necessary in order to carry out the investigations aimed at establishing the events; in any case the person arrested must be set free or handed over to the judicial authorities within a maximum period of seventy-two hours. 3. Every person arrested must be informed immediately, and in a way understandable to him or her, of his or her rights and of the grounds for his or her arrest, and may not be compelled to make a statement. The arrested person shall be guaranteed the assistance of a lawyer during police and judicial proceedings, under the terms to be laid down by the law. 4. An habeas corpus procedure shall be provided for by law in order to ensure the immediate handing over to the judicial authorities of any person illegally arrested. Likewise, the maximum period of provisional imprisonment shall be determined by law.

Article 19 Everyone has the right to personal liberty. No one may be deprived of his liberty except in such cases and pursuant to such procedures as are provided by law.Anyone deprived of his liberty must be immediately informed in his mother tongue, or in a language which he understands, of the reasons for being deprived of his liberty. Within the shortest possible time thereafter, he must also be informed in writing of why he has been deprived of his liberty. He must be instructed immediately that he is not obliged to make any statement, that he has the right to immediate legal representation of his own free choice and that the competent authority must, on his request, notify his relatives or those close to him of the deprivation of his liberty.Article 20A person reasonably suspected of having committed a criminal offence may be detained only on the basis of a court order when this is absolutely necessary for the course of criminal proceedings or for reasons of public safety.Upon detention, but not later than twenty-four hours thereafter, the person detained must be handed the written court order with a statement of reasons. The person detained has the right to appeal against the court order, and such appeal must be decided by a court within forty-eight hours. Detention may last only as long as there are legal reasons for such, but no longer than three months from the day of the deprivation of liberty. The Supreme Court may extend the detention a further three months.If no charges are brought by the end of these terms, the suspected person shall be released.

19. člen Vsakdo ima pravico do osebne svobode. Nikomur se ne sme vzeti prostosti, razen v primerih in po postopku, ki ga določa zakon. Vsakdo, ki mu je odvzeta prostost, mora biti v materinem jeziku ali v jeziku, ki ga razume, takoj obveščen o razlogih za odvzem prostosti. V čim krajšem času mu mora biti tudi pisno sporočeno, zakaj mu je bila prostost odvzeta. Takoj mora biti poučen o tem, da ni dolžan ničesar izjaviti, da ima pravico do takojšnje pravne pomoči zagovornika, ki si ga svobodno izbere, in o tem, da je pristojni organ na njegovo zahtevo dolžan o odvzemu prostosti obvestiti njegove bližnje.

20. člen Oseba, za katero obstaja utemeljen sum, da je storila kaznivo dejanje, se sme pripreti samo na podlagi odločbe sodišča, kadar je to neogibno potrebno za potek kazenskega postopka ali za varnost ljudi. Ob priporu, najkasneje pa v 24 urah po njem, mora biti priprtemu vročena pisna, obrazložena odločba. Proti tej odločbi ima priprti pravico do pritožbe, o kateri mora sodišče odločiti v 48 urah. Pripor sme trajati samo toliko časa, dokler so za to dani zakonski razlogi, vendar največ tri mesece od dneva odvzema prostosti. Vrhovno sodišče sme pripor podaljšati še za nadaljnje tri mesece. Če do izteka teh rokov obtožnica ni vložena, se obdolženca izpusti.

Article 17(1) Personal freedom is guaranteed. (2) No one shall be prosecuted or deprived of freedom other than for reasons and in a manner which shall be laid down by law. No one may be deprived of freedom solely because of his inability to fulfil a contractual obligation. (3) The person charged or suspected of a criminal offence may be detained only in cases laid down by law. A detained person must be immediately informed of the reasons for the detainment, and after interrogation at the latest within 48 hours and, in crimes of terrorism within 96 hours, must be either released or brought before the court. The judge must question the detained person and decide on his custody or release within 48 hours and, for especially serious criminal offences within 72 hours from the hand over. (4) An accused person may be arrested only upon a written, substantiated order of a judge. The arrested person must be brought before the court within 24 hours. The judge must question the arrested person and decide on his custody or release within 48 hours and, for especially serious offences within 72 hours from the hand over. (5) A person may be taken into custody only for reasons and for a period laid down by law and on the basis of a court ruling. (6) The law shall lay down in which cases a person can be admitted to, or kept in, a health care institution without his consent. Such measures must be reported within 24 hours to the court which will then decide on this placement within five days. (7) The mental state of a person accused of a criminal act may be examined only on the basis of a written court order.

Čl. 17(1) Osobná sloboda sa zaručuje.(2) Nikoho nemožno stíhať alebo pozbaviť slobody inak, ako z dôvodov a spôsobom, ktorý ustanoví zákon. Nikoho nemožno pozbaviť slobody len pre neschopnosť dodržať zmluvný záväzok. (3) Obvineného alebo podozrivého z trestného činu možno zadržať len v prípadoch ustanovených zákonom. Zadržaná osoba musí byť ihneď oboznámená s dôvodmi zadržania, vypočutá a najneskôr do 48 hodín a pri trestných činoch terorizmu do 96 hodín prepustená na slobodu alebo odovzdaná súdu. Sudca musí zadržanú osobu do 48 hodín a pri obzvlášť závažných trestných činoch do 72 hodín od prevzatia vypočuť a rozhodnúť o väzbe alebo o jej prepustení na slobodu. (4) Obvineného možno zatknúť iba na odôvodnený písomný príkaz sudcu. Zatknutá osoba musí byť do 24 hodín odovzdaná súdu. Sudca musí zatknutú osobu do 48 hodín a pri obzvlášť závažných trestných činoch do 72 hodín od prevzatia vypočuť a rozhodnúť o väzbe alebo o jej prepustení na slobodu. (5) Do väzby možno vziať iba z dôvodov a na čas ustanovený zákonom a na základe rozhodnutia súdu. (6) Zákon ustanoví, v ktorých prípadoch možno prevziať osobu do ústavnej zdravotníckej starostlivosti alebo ju v nej držať bez jej súhlasu. Takéto opatrenie sa musí do 24 hodín oznámiť súdu, ktorý o tomto umiestnení rozhodne do piatich dní. (7) Skúmanie duševného stavu osoby obvinenej z trestného činu je možné iba na písomný príkaz súdu.

Articolul 23(1) Libertatea individuala si siguranta persoanei sunt inviolabile. (2) Perchezitionarea, retinerea sau arestarea unei persoane sunt permise numai în cazurile si cu procedura prevazute de lege. (3) Retinerea nu poate depasi 24 de ore. (4) Arestarea preventiva se dispune de judecator si numai în cursul procesului penal. (5) În cursul urmaririi penale arestarea preventiva se poate dispune pentru cel mult 30 de zile si se poate prelungi cu câte cel mult 30 de zile, fara ca durata totala sa depaseasca un termen rezonabil, si nu mai mult de 180 de zile. (6) În faza de judecata instanta este obligata, în conditiile legii, sa verifice periodic, si nu mai târziu de 60 de zile, legalitatea si temeinicia arestarii preventive si sa dispuna, de îndata, punerea în libertate a inculpatului, daca temeiurile care au determinat arestarea preventiva au încetat sau daca instanta constata ca nu exista temeiuri noi care sa justifice mentinerea privarii de libertate. (7) Încheierile instantei privind masura arestarii preventive sunt supuse cailor de atac prevazute de lege. (8) Celui retinut sau arestat i se aduc de îndata la cunostinta, în limba pe care o întelege, motivele retinerii sau ale arestarii, iar învinuirea, în cel mai scurt termen; învinuirea se aduce la cunostinta numai în prezenta unui avocat, ales sau numit din oficiu. (9) Punerea în libertate a celui retinut sau arestat este obligatorie, daca motivele acestor masuri au disparut, precum si în alte situatii prevazute de lege. (10) Persoana arestata preventiv are dreptul sa ceara punerea sa în libertate provizorie, sub control judiciar sau pe cautiune. (13) Sanctiunea privativa de libertate nu poate fi decât de natura penala.

Article 23(1) Individual freedom and security of a person are inviolable. (2) Search, detainment, or arrest of a person shall be permitted only in the cases and under the procedure provided by law. (3) Detention shall not exceed twenty-four hours. (4) Preventive custody shall be ordered by a judge and only in the course of criminal proceedings. (5) During the criminal proceedings, the preventive custody may only be ordered for 30 days at the most and extended for 30 days at the most each, without the overall length exceeding a reasonable term, and no longer than i80 days. (6) After the lawsuit has begun, the court is bound, according to the law, to check, on a regular basis and no later than 60 days, the lawfulness and grounds of the preventive custody, and to order at once the release of the defendant if the grounds for the preventive custody have ceased to exist or if the court finds there are no new grounds justifying the continuance of the custody. (7) The decisions by a court of law on preventive custody may be subject to the legal proceedings stipulated by the law. (8) Any person detained or arrested shall be promptly informed, in a language he understands, of the grounds for his detention or arrest, and notified of the charges against him, as soon as practicable; the notification of the charges shall be made only in the presence of a lawyer of his own choosing or appointed ex officio. (9) The release of a detained or arrested person shall be mandatory if the reasons for such steps have ceased to exist, as well as under other circumstances stipulated by the law. (10) A person under preventive custody shall have the right to apply for provisional release, under judicial control or on bail. (13) The freedom deprivation sanction can only be based on criminal grounds.

Artigo 27.º (Direito à liberdade e à segurança) 1. Todos têm direito à liberdade e à segurança. 2. Ninguém pode ser total ou parcialmente privado da liberdade, a não ser em consequência de sentença judicial condenatória pela prática de acto punido por lei com pena de prisão ou de aplicação judicial de medida de segurança. 3. Exceptua-se deste princípio a privação da liberdade, pelo tempo e nas condições que a lei determinar, nos casos seguintes: a) Detenção em flagrante delito; b) Detenção ou prisão preventiva por fortes indícios de prática de crime doloso a que corresponda pena de prisão cujo limite máximo seja superior a três anos; c) Prisão, detenção ou outra medida coactiva sujeita a controlo judicial, de pessoa que tenha penetrado ou permaneça irregularmente no território nacional ou contra a qual esteja em curso processo de extradição ou de expulsão; d) Prisão disciplinar imposta a militares, com garantia de recurso para o tribunal competente; e) Sujeição de um menor a medidas de protecção, assistência ou educação em estabelecimento adequado, decretadas pelo tribunal judicial competente; f) Detenção por decisão judicial em virtude de desobediência a decisão tomada por um tribunal ou para assegurar a comparência perante autoridade judiciária competente; g) Detenção de suspeitos, para efeitos de identificação, nos casos e pelo tempo estritamente necessários; h) Internamento de portador de anomalia psíquica em estabelecimento terapêutico adequado, decretado ou confirmado por autoridade judicial competente. 4. Toda a pessoa privada da liberdade deve ser informada imediatamente e de forma compreensível das razões da sua prisão ou detenção e dos seus direitos. 5. A privação da liberdade contra o disposto na Constituição e na lei constitui o Estado no dever de indemnizar o lesado nos termos que a lei estabelecer.

Article 27 (Right to freedom and security) (1) Everyone has the right to freedom and security. (2) No one may be wholy or partially deprived of their freedom, except as a consequence of a judicial sentence imposed for the practise of an act that is punishable by law with a prison term or the imposition by a court of a security measure. (3) The following cases of deprivation of freedom for such time and under such conditions as the law may determine shall be exceptions to this principle: (a) Detention in flagrante delicto; (b) Detention or remand in custody where there is strong evidence of the commission of a serious crime punishable by imprisonment for a maximum term of more than three years; (c) The imposition of imprisonment, detention or any other coercive measure subject to judicial control, on a person who improperly entered or is improperly present in Portuguese territory, or who is currently the object of extradition or deportation proceedings; (d) The imposition of disciplinary imprisonment on military personnel. Such imprisonment shall be subject to appeal to the competent court; (e) The subjection of a minor to measures intended to protect, assist or educate him in a suitable establishment, when ordered by the competent court of law; (f) Detention under a court order for disobeying a court ruling or to ensure appearance before a competent judicial authority; (g) Detentions of suspects for identification purposes, in such cases and for such time as may be strictly necessary; (h) Committal of a person suffering from a psychic anomaly to an appropriate therapeutic establishment, when ordered or confirmed by a competent judicial authority. (4) Every person who is deprived of his freedom shall immediately be informed in an understandable manner of the reasons for his arrest, imprisonment or detention and of his rights. (5) Deprivation of freedom contrary to the provisions of this Constitution and the law shall place the state under a duty to compensate the aggrieved person in accordance with the law.

Article 41.1. Personal inviolability and security shall be ensured to everyone. Any deprivation or limitation of liberty may be imposed only in accordance with principles and under procedures specified by statute.2. Anyone deprived of liberty, except by sentence of a court, shall have the right to appeal to a court for immediate decision upon the lawfulness of such deprivation. Any deprivation of liberty shall be immediately made known to the family of, or a person indicated by, the person deprived of liberty.3. Every detained person shall be informed, immediately and in a manner comprehensible to him, of the reasons for such detention. The person shall, within 48 hours of detention, be given over to a court for consideration of the case. The detained person shall be set free unless a warrant of temporary arrest issued by a court, along with specification of the charges laid, has been served on him within 24 hours of the time of being given over to the court's disposal.4. Anyone deprived of liberty shall be treated in a humane manner.5. Anyone who has been unlawfully deprived of liberty shall have a right to compensation.

Art. 41.1. Każdemu zapewnia się nietykalność osobistą i wolność osobistą. Pozbawienie lub ograniczenie wolności może nastąpić tylko na zasadach i w trybie określonych w ustawie.2. Każdy pozbawiony wolności nie na podstawie wyroku sądowego ma prawo odwołania się do sądu w celu niezwłocznego ustalenia legalności tego pozbawienia. O pozbawieniu wolności powiadamia się niezwłocznie rodzinę lub osobę wskazaną przez pozbawionego wolności. 3. Każdy zatrzymany powinien być niezwłocznie i w sposób zrozumiały dla niego poinformowany o przyczynach zatrzymania. Powinien on być w ciągu 48 godzin od chwili zatrzymania przekazany do dyspozycji sądu. Zatrzymanego należy zwolnić, jeżeli w ciągu 24 godzin od przekazania do dyspozycji sądu nie zostanie mu doręczone postanowienie sądu o tymczasowym aresztowaniu wraz z przedstawionymi zarzutami. 4. Każdy pozbawiony wolności powinien być traktowany w sposób humanitarny. 5. Każdy bezprawnie pozbawiony wolności ma prawo do odszkodowania.

Article 34(1) No person shall be deprived of his personal liberty save as may be authorised by law in the following cases, that is to say - (a) in consequence of his unfitness to plead to a criminal charge; (b) in execution of the sentence or order of a court, whether in Malta or elsewhere, in respect of a criminal offence of which he has been convicted; (c) in execution of the order of a court punishing him for contempt of that court or of another court or tribunal or in execution of the order of the House of Representatives punishing him for contempt of itself or of its members or for breach of privilege; (d) in execution of the order of a court made to secure the fulfilment of any obligation imposed on him by law; (e) for the purpose of bringing him before a court in execution of the order of a court or before the House of Representatives in execution of the order of that House; (f) upon reasonable suspicion of his having committed, or being about to commit, a criminal offence; (g) in the case of a person who has not attained the age of eighteen years, for the purpose of his education or welfare; (h) for the purpose of preventing the spread of an infectious or contagious disease; (i) in the case of a person who is, or is reasonably suspected to be, of unsound mind, addicted to drugs or alcohol, or a vagrant, for the purpose of his care or treatment or the protection of the community; or (j) for the purpose of preventing the unlawful entry of that person into Malta, or for the purpose of effecting the expulsion, extradition or other lawful removal of that person from Malta or the taking of proceedings relating thereto or for the purpose of restraining that person while he is being conveyed through Malta in the course of his extradition or removal as a convicted prisoner from one country to another. (2) Any person who is arrested or detained shall be informed at the time of his arrest or detention, in a language that he understands, of the reasons for his arrest or detention: Provided that if an interpreter is necessary and is not readily available or if it is otherwise impracticable to comply with the provisions of this sub-article at the time of the person’s arrest or detention, such provisions shall be complied with as soon as practicable. (3) Any person who is arrested or detained - (a) for the purpose of bringing him before a court in execution of the order of a court; or (b) upon reasonable suspicion of his having committed, or being about to commit, a criminal offence, and who is not released, shall be brought not later than forty-eight hours before a court; and if any person arrested or detained in such a case as is mentioned in paragraph (b) of this sub-article is not tried within a reasonable time, then, without prejudice to any further proceedings which may be brought against him, he shall be released either unconditionally or upon reasonable conditions, including in particular such conditions as are reasonably necessary to ensure that he appears at a later date for trial or for proceedings preliminary to trial. (4) Any person who is unlawfully arrested or detained by any other person shall be entitled to compensation therefore from that person. (5) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this article to the extent that the law in question authorises the taking during such a period of public emergency as is referred to in paragraph (a) or (c) of sub-article (2) of article 47 of this Constitution of measures that are reasonably justifiable for the purpose of dealing with the situation that exists during that period of public emergency. (6) If any person who is lawfully detained by virtue only of such a law as is referred to in the last foregoing sub-article so requests at any time during the period of that detention not earlier than six months after he last made such a request during that period, his case shall be reviewed by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law and composed of a person or persons each of whom holds or has held judicial office or is qualified to be appointed to such office in Malta. (7) On any review by a tribunal in pursuance of the last foregoing sub-article of the case of any detained person, the tribunal may make recommendations concerning the necessity or expediency of continuing his detention to the authority by whom it was ordered, but, unless it is otherwise provided by law, that authority shall not be obliged to act in accordance with any such recommendations.

Article 12. La liberté individuelle est garantie. - Nul ne peut être poursuivi que dans les cas prévus par la loi et dans la forme qu’elle prescrit. - Nul ne peut être arrêté ou placé que dans les cas prévus par la loi et dans la forme qu’elle prescrit. - Hors le cas de flagrant délit, nul ne peut être arrêté qu’en vertu de l’ordonnance motivée du juge, qui doit être signifiée au moment de l’arrestation, ou au plus tard dans les vingt-quatre heures. - Toute personne doit être informée sans délai des moyens de recours légaux dont elle dispose pour recouvrer sa liberté.